摘 要:流程模拟、先进控制和过程优化技术的研究与应用是石油化工过程的一个重要方面。本文论述了该技术的发展现状和趋势,分析了我国在该研究中存在的主要问题、面临的机遇与挑战,指出了关键的技术问题。此外,对流程模拟、先进控制和过程优化技术的经济效益与应用前景也做了分析。最后,对于如何在我国开展石油化工流程模拟、先进控制与过程优化技术的研究与应用提出了几点建议和对策。
关键词:石油化工,流程模拟,先进过程控制,优化技术,过程建模
Abstract: The development and applications of flow simulations, advanced process control, and process optimization technology are very important for petrochemical industry. In this paper, the status quo and prospects for flow simulations, advanced process control, and process optimization technology are discussed. The main problems existing in our research, the opportunities, and challenges are detailedly analyzed. At the same time, the key technical problems are also pointed out. In addition, the economy benefits and application prospects on flow simulations, advanced process control, and process optimization technology are investigated. Finally, some suggestions and countermeasures on how to work on the development and applications of flow simulations, advanced process control, and process optimization technology in our country are brought forward.
Keywords: Petrochemical Industry, Flow Simulations, Advanced Process Control, Optimization Technology, Process Modeling
引 言
石油化工是我国国民经济的支柱产业之一,其所实现的利润约占全国国有及国有控股企业总利润的1/4左右。但是,面临国际市场激烈的竞争和国内需求的不稳定,我国各石油化工企业均面临严重的挑战,与国际上发达国家的石化企业相比,我国的石化企业在质量、成本、规模、效益等方面尚存在较大的差距。以中国石化集团公司为例,综合商品率1996年为91.4%,1997年为91.12,1998年为91.67%,而同期美国为93.0%,英国为92.3%,法国为92.5%,国外平均水平大于92%。中石化的平均加工损失率1996年为1.29%,而1994~1995年美国、英国和法国分别为0.2%,0.3%和1.04%,世界平均水平为1%。中石化轻油收率1996年为65.11%,1997年为67.14%,1998年为67.95%,世界平均水平>70%[1]。每加工1吨原油的燃料动力费用中石化总公司1996年为63元,亚太地区平均水平为47元。
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